topics / mitochondrial

Tagged mitochondrial.

Animal only Humanin Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived peptide with interesting cell and animal data in aging and neuroprotection, but the human evidence is entirely observational — no interventional trial of administered humanin in people exists. It's unapproved and effectively uncharacterized for safety in humans.
Animal only MOTS-c MOTS-c is a mitochondrial peptide with strong rodent metabolic data but no completed, published human efficacy trial. It's unapproved and WADA-banned.
Preliminary human SS-31 (Elamipretide): Real human trials, mostly failed endpoints, one narrow approval Elamipretide won a narrow FDA accelerated approval for Barth syndrome in 2025, but its largest trials in myopathy, heart failure, and dry AMD all missed.